When in Central the screen is locked with a passcode or a secured dongle, the only USB port that work on the screen is the USB 2.0 port.
If you want to fill in the passcode via USB keyboard, you have to plug the keyboard into the USB 2.0 port, a USB 3.2 port is always blocked when the screen is locked.
The same is for the USB secured dongle to unlock the screen, this one only works on the USB 2.0 port.